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Showing posts with label Ernest Hemingway. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Ernest Hemingway. Show all posts

Monday, August 6, 2012

COURAGE AND POLITICS I


August 6, 2012

COURAGE AND POLITICS I

Knoxville, Tennessee (JFK+50) Today we begin our report on Senator John F. Kennedy's Pulitzer Prize winning book, "Profiles In Courage."  

JFK's book highlights the stories of eight United States Senators who risked their political careers to pursue justice.

Among the Senators included in the book are John Quincy Adams, Daniel Webster, Thomas Hart Benton & Sam Houston.

In the introduction to the Memorial Edition, Robert Kennedy writes:

"Courage is the virtue that President Kennedy most admired.  That is why this book so fitted his personality, his beliefs."

And in the Preface, JFK gives credit to both his research associate, Theodore C. Sorensen & his wife, Jacqueline.



                       JFK Library Image

The title of Chapter I is "Courage & Politics"

JFK begins by saying that "This is a book about the most admirable of human virtues--courage."

And he goes on to make reference to Ernest Hemingway's definition of courage as "Grace under pressure."

JFK writes of the many criticisms, past & present, of United States Senators.

He says, however, the he is convinced that the perceived decline in political courage....

"has been less in the Senate than in the public's appreciation of the art of politics, of the nature & necessity for compromise & balance, & of the nature of the Senate as a legislative chamber."

JFK talks about the pressures that Senators face.  

The 1st is the desire to be liked or "the way to get along is to go along."

A Senator must decide if it is better to compromise in order to get a fair or poor bill passed as opposed to resisting compromise but getting as a result "no bill at all."

The 2nd pressure is the desire to be re-elected.

JFK argues that this is not totally self-centered because the conscientious Senator wants to continue to be around to fight for his cause.

The 3rd pressure is that of the Senator's constituency which include "unreasonable letters & impossible requests."




Saturday, July 2, 2011

ERNEST HEMINGWAY FOUND DEAD

July 2, 1961


ERNEST HEMINGWAY FOUND DEAD 


American Pulitzer Prize winning author Ernest Hemingway was found dead at his home this morning in Ketchum, Idaho.


Hemingway won the Pulitzer Prize for his most outstanding novel, The Old Man & the Sea, in 1952.


During the 1920s, Hemingway was the member of a group of expatriate American writers living in Paris.  It was there that he wrote The Sun Also Rises & A Farewell To Arms.


Hemingway was found in the foyer of his home at 7:30 a.m. local time by his wife.  A double-barreled shotgun was lying by is side.


It is not known at this time if there will be an investigation, but there are some indications that the legendary writer may have taken his own life


July 2, 1961


PRESIDENT KENNEDY HONORS HEMINGWAY


After receiving word of the death of American writer Ernest Hemingway today, President Kennedy said Hemingway....


"almost single-handedly transferred the literature & ways of thought of men & women in every country in the world."




                Ernest Hemingway
                 JFK Library Photo


July 2, 1961


JFK MEETS POPE PAUL VI AT THE VATICAN


John F. Kennedy, the 1st Catholic President of the United States, met the new Pope, Paul VI, today at the Vatican.


The meeting took place just 2 weeks after the new Pope took over as head of the Catholic Church.


The Pope spoke to the President about the contributions of the United States o world peace & space exploration.


Only 2 other Presidents in the past had met with the Pope.  They were Woodrow Wilson & Dwight D. Eisenhower.




                 JFK & Pope Paul VI


July 2, 1963


JFK VISITS NATO HQ IN NAPLES, ITALY


President John F. Kennedy visited the headquarters of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization today in Naples, Italy.


JFK affirmed the mandate that an attack on one member of the organization is considered an attack on all.


July 2, 1964


LBJ SIGNS CIVIL RIGHTS ACT


In 1960, Senator John F. Kennedy made passage of a new civil rights bill a key component of his campaign for the Presidency.


President Kennedy appointed Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson to the chairmanship of the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity.


Today, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed into law the Civil Rights Act of 1964.


The act prohibits discrimination based on race in both education & employment.  It also outlaws racial segregation in schools & public transportation.*


*LBJ used 75 pens to sign the bill, giving away the pens as souvenirs of the historic occasion.




   LBJ Signs Civil Rights Act of 1964
         Photo by Cecil Stoughton


July 2, 1960

TRUMAN WILL NOT ATTEND CONVENTION

Former President Harry S Truman announced today that he will not attend the Democratic National Convention in Los Angeles later this month.

Truman went on to say that he considers the convention to be "a pre-arranged affair" & "controlled" by the Kennedy supporters.

The former President's main objection to JFK seems to be his lack of experience.

Truman called on Kennedy to withdraw from the race.



July 2, 1881


PRESIDENT GARFIELD SHOT AT TRAIN DEPOT


President James A. Garfield was shot today as he walked through the railway station in Washington, D.C.


The shooter, identified as Charles J. Guiteau, was taken into custody at the scene.


The President, who has only been in office about 4 months, was hit twice, once in the back & once in the arm.


Doctors attending to Garfield say that the bullet that entered the back has caused a very serious wound.*


*Garfield died from complications of the gunshot wound in the back on September 19, 1881.  


Vice President Chester A. Arthur became President & the assassin, Guiteau, was found guilty & hanged in June 1882.




             President Garfield Is Shot
          by A. Berghaus & C. Upham
            Frank Leslie's Illustrated
                       July 16, 1881


July 2, 1863


FIGHTING CONTINUES AT GETTYSBURG


Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia launched attacks today on Union positions south of the Pennsylvania town of Gettysburg.


The Confederate attacks were on Culp's Hill & Little Round Top.


While both armies sustained heavy casualties, the Union continued to hold their positions by the end of the day.




   Gettysburg: The 2nd Day of Battle
       Battle Map by Hal Jespersen
                    www.posix.com


July 2, 1776


CONGRESS VOTES FOR INDEPENDENCE


The Second Continental Congress meeting in Philadelphia today adopted the resolution proposed by Richard Henry Lee of Virginia calling for independence from Great Britain.


Representatives of 12 colonies voted for the resolution.  


Only New York abstained.*


*John Adams of Massachusetts, in a letter to his wife Abigail, wrote that July 2 would be a day that would be celebrated "with illuminations". 


 He was right about the fireworks, but missed the date by 2 days.




     Committee Presents Declaration 
                  by John Trumbull